Notes: Thompson Branch

Matches 8,351 to 8,400 of 10,692

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8351	Robert II (27 March 972 - 20 July 1031), called the Pious or the Wise, was King of France from 996 until his death. The second reigning member of the House of Capet, he was born in Orléans to Hugh Capet and Adelaide of Aquitaine. Immediately after his own coronation, Robert's father Hugh began to push for the coronation of Robert. "The essential means by which the early Capetians were seen to have kept the throne in their family was through the association of the eldest surviving son in the royalty during the father's lifetime," Andrew W. Lewis has observed, in tracing the phenomenon in this line of kings who lacked dynastic legitimacy. Hugh's claimed reason was that he was planning an expedition against the Moorish armies harassing Borrel II of Barcelona, an invasion which never occurred, and that the stability of the country necessitated a co-king, should he die while on expedition. Ralph Glaber, however, attributes Hugh's request to his old age and inability to control the nobility. Modern scholarship has largely imputed to Hugh the motive of establishing a dynasty against the claims of electoral power on the part of the aristocracy, but this is not the typical view of contemporaries and even some modern scholars have been less sceptical of Hugh's "plan" to campaign in Spain. Robert was eventually crowned on 30 December 987. A measure of Hugh's success is that when Hugh died in 996, Robert continued to reign without any succession dispute, but during his long reign actual royal power dissipated into the hands of the great territorial magnates. Robert had begun to take on active royal duties with his father in the early 990s. In 991, he helped his father prevent the French bishops from trekking to Mousson in the Kingdom of Germany for a synod called by Pope John XV, with whom Hugh was then in disagreement. Marital problems: As early as 989, having been rebuffed in his search for a Byzantine princess, Hugh Capet arranged for Robert to marry the recently-widowed daughter of Berengar II of Italy, Rozala, who took the name of Susannah upon becoming Queen. She was many years his senior. She was the widow of Arnulf II of Flanders, with whom she had children, the oldest of whom was of age to assume the offices of count of Flanders. Robert divorced her within a year of his father's death. He tried instead to marry Bertha, daughter of Conrad of Burgundy, around the time of his father's death. She was a widow of Odo I of Blois, but was also Robert's cousin. For reasons of consanguinity, Pope Gregory V refused to sanction the marriage, and Robert was excommunicated. After long negotiations with Gregory's successor, Sylvester II, the marriage was annulled. Finally, in 1001, Robert entered into his final and longest-lasting marriage to Constance of Arles, the daughter of William I of Provence. She was an ambitious and scheming woman, who made life miserable for her husband by encouraging her sons to revolt against their father. Piety: Robert, however, despite his marital problems, was a very devout Catholic, hence his sobriquet "the Pious." He was musically inclined, being a composer, chorister, and poet, and making his palace a place of religious seclusion, where he conducted the matins and vespers in his royal robes. However, to contemporaries, Robert's "piety" also resulted from his lack of toleration for heretics: he harshly punished them. Military career: Robert II dispenses alms to the poor: "Robert had a kindly feeling for the weak and poor" - from François Guizot, A Popular History of France from the Earliest Times. The kingdom Robert inherited was not large, and in an effort to increase his power, he vigorously pursued his claim to any feudal lands which became vacant, which action usually resulted in war with a counter-claimant. In 1003, his invasion of the Duchy of Burgundy was thwarted and it would not be until 1016 that he was finally able to get the support of the Church and be recognized as Duke of Burgundy. The pious Robert made few friends and many enemies, including his own sons: Hugh Magnus, Henry, and Robert. They turned against their father in a civil war over power and property. Hugh died in revolt in 1025. In a conflict with Henry and the younger Robert, King Robert's army was beaten and he retreated to Beaugency outside Paris, his capital. He died in the middle of the war with his sons on 20 July 1031 at Melun. He was interred with Constance in Saint Denis Basilica. He was succeeded by his son Henry, in both France and Burgundy. Children: Robert had no children from his short-lived marriage to Susanna. His illegal marriage to Bertha gave him one stillborn son in 999, but only Constance gave him surviving children: Constance, married Manasses de Dammartin Hedwig (or Advisa) of France, married Renauld I, Count of Nevers on 25 January 1016 and had issue. Hugh Magnus, co-king (1017-1025) Henry I, successor Robert, became Duke of Burgundy Odo (1013-c.1056), who may have been mentally retarded and died after his brother's failed invasion of Normandy Adela (d. 1079), married firstly Richard III of Normandy and secondly Baldwin V of Flanders. Robert also left an illegitimate son: Rudolph, Bishop of Bourges.	France, King of the Franks Robert II of (I15796)
8352	Robert II de Bellême, comte d'Alençon was born circa 1034. He was the son of Roger de Montgomery, Earl of Shrewsbury and Mabille de Bellême, comtesse d'Alençon. Robert II de Bellême, comte d'Alençon married comtesse de Ponthieu Agnes de Ponthieu, daughter of comte de Ponthieu Guy I de Ponthieu and Ade (?), before September 1101.1 Earl of Arundel and Shrewsbury before 1102.2 Robert II de Bellême, comte d'Alençon was forfeited his titles to the crown in 1102.2 He was was exiled from England by Henry I, and lost his English lands, and forfeited his titles to the crown in 1102. He was a witness where William, 2nd Earl Mortaigne of Cornwall coveted the Earldom of Kent, held by his uncle Eudes, and being denied, rebelled, with Robert de Belleme, against the King in Normandy in an endeavor to recover the Duchy for Robert, the King's elder brother.3 Robert II de Bellême, comte d'Alençon died on 8 May 1131 at Dorset, England. Died a prisoner at Warham Castle.	De Bellême, comte d'Alençon Robert II (I3727)
8353	Robert II de Brus, le Meschin (the Cadet) (fl. 1138, died ca. 1189 or 1194), was a 12th century Norman noble and 2nd Lord of Annandale. He was the son, perhaps the second son, of Robert de Brus, 1st Lord of Annandale. The elder de Brus' allegiances were compromised when David I invaded England in the later 1130s, and he had renounced his fealty to David before the Battle of the Standard in 1138. The younger Robert however remained loyal and took over his father's land in Scotland, whilst the English territories remained with the elder Robert and passed to the latter's elder son Adam. Bruce family tradition has it that Robert II was captured by his father at the battle and given over to King Stephen of England. A legend tells that in the 1140s, Robert II was visited at Annan by St Malachy. St Malachy asked Robert to pardon a thief, but Robert hung him anyway, and for this the River Annan destroyed part of his castle and the de Brus line received a curse from the holy man. Robert made Lochmaben the centre of his lordship and constructed a new caput there. He married Euphemia, a daughter of Ingleram de Aumale, whose father was Stephen, Count of Aumale. They had five known children: Robert (d. 1191), eldest son William (d. 1212) Bernard Agatha Euphemia Robert was buried at Gisborough Priory in the North Riding, Yorkshire, England, a monastery founded by his father Robert I de Brus. As his eldest son, Robert, predeceased him, he was succeeded by his second son William.	De Brus, 2nd Lord of Annandale Robert (I37218)
8354	Robert II, Rodbert or Chrodobert (770-807) was a Frank, count of Worms and Rheingau and duke of Hesbaye around the year 800. His family is known as Robertians. His son is Robert of Worms and his grandson is Robert the Strong, the namegiver of the Robertians. Robert of Hesbaye is the oldest known ancestor in the line of Robertians that is thought to be certain. He is the great-grandfather of two Frankish kings, Odo and Robert, that ruled in the kingdom of Western Francia. One of his descendants is Hugh Capet, who was the "last Frankish king" and the "first king of France". The descendants of Hugh Capet ruled France until the French Revolution, with a junior line having ruled Spain since 1700. Ingerman and Cancor are possibly his brothers. Landrada, mother of Saint Chrodogang, archbishop of Metz, is likely his sister. His father may have been named Rodbert or, Chrodobert. He was likely the son of Thuringbert of Worms and Rheingau and grandson of Robert I of Worms and Rheingau, who died in 764. Ermengarde, wife of emperor Louis the Pious was most likely his niece.	Hesbaye, count of Worms and Rheingau Robert II of (I15824)
8355	Robert III (800-822) was the Count of Worms and Rheingau of the illustrious Frankish family called the Robertians. He was the son of Robert of Hesbaye. By his wife Waldrada of Worms he had his only recorded son Robert the Strong. His niece was Ermengard, wife of the Frankish emperor Louis the Pious. His cousin Chrodogang was Archbishop of Metz and abbot of the Lorsch Abbey. An uncle of Robert was Count Cancor, founder of the Lorsch Abbey. Via Robert the Strong he was grandfather of two kings of Western Francia named Odo and Robert. He was the great-great-grandfather of Hugo Capet, the founder of the Capetian dynasty that ruled France until the French Revolution.	Worms, Count of Worms and Rheingau Robert III of (I15822)
8356	Robert III (c. 1337-April 1406) was King of Scots from 1390 to his death. His given name was John Stewart, and he was known primarily as the Earl of Carrick before ascending the throne at age 53. He was the eldest son of Robert II and Elizabeth Mure and was legitimated with the marriage of his parents in 1347. John joined his father and other magnates in a rebellion against his grand-uncle, David II early in 1363 but submitted to him soon afterwards. He married Anabella Drummond, daughter of Sir John Drummond of Stobhall before 31 May 1367 when the Steward ceded to him the earldom of Atholl. In 1368 David created him Earl of Carrick. His father became king in 1371 after the unexpected death of the childless King David. In the succeeding years Carrick was influential in the government of the kingdom but became progressively more impatient at his father's longevity. In 1384 Carrick was appointed the king's lieutenant after having influenced the general council to remove Robert II from direct rule. Carrick's administration saw a renewal of the conflict with England. In 1388 the Scots defeated the English at the Battle of Otterburn where the Scots' commander, James, Earl of Douglas, was killed. By this time Carrick had been badly injured by a horse-kick but the loss of his powerful ally, Douglas, saw a turnaround in magnate support in favour of his younger brother Robert, Earl of Fife and in December 1388 the council transferred the lieutenancy to Fife. In 1390, Robert II died and Carrick ascended the throne as Robert III but without authority to rule directly. Fife continued as lieutenant until February 1393 when power was returned to the king in conjunction with his son David. At a council in 1399 owing to the king's 'sickness of his person', David, now Duke of Rothesay, became lieutenant of the kingdom in his own right but supervised by a special parliamentary group dominated by Fife, now styled Duke of Albany. After this, Robert III withdrew to his lands in the west and for a time played little or no part in affairs of state. He was powerless to interfere when a dispute between Albany and Rothesay arose in 1401 which led to Rothesay's arrest and imprisonment at Albany's Falkland Castle where Rothesay died in March 1402. The general council absolved Albany from blame and reappointed him as lieutenant. The only impediment now remaining to an Albany Stewart monarchy was the king's only surviving son, James, Earl of Carrick. In February 1406 the 11 year-old James and a powerful group of followers clashed with Albany's Douglas allies resulting in the death of the king's counsellor Sir David Fleming of Cumbernauld. James escaped to the Bass Rock in the Firth of Forth accompanied by Henry Sinclair, Earl of Orkney and remained there for a month before boarding a ship bound for France. The vessel was intercepted near Flamborough Head and James became the prisoner of Henry IV of England and would remain captive for the next 18 years. Robert III died in Rothesay Castle on 4 April 1406 shortly after learning of his son's imprisonment and was buried at Paisley Abbey. Heir apparent: John, then styled Lord of Kyle, first appeared in the 1350s as the commander of a campaign in the lordship of Annandale to re-establish Scottish control over English occupied territory. In 1363, John joined his father Robert the Steward along with the earls of Douglas and March in a failed insurrection against King David II. The reasons for the rebellion were varied. In 1362, David II supported several of his royal favourites in their titles to lands in the Stewart earldom of Monteith and thwarted Stewart claims to the earldom of Fife. The king's involvement with Margaret Logie (née Drummond) and soon to be his queen may also have represented a threat in the Steward's own earldom of Strathearn where the Drummonds also had interests, while Douglas and March mistrusted David's intentions towards them. These nobles were also unhappy at the king's squandering of funds provided to him for his ransom and with the prospect that they could be sent to England as guarantors for the ransom payments. The dissension between the king and the Stewarts looked to have been settled before the end of spring 1367. On 31 May the Steward gave the earldom of Atholl to John, who by this time was already married to Annabella Drummond, the daughter of the queen's deceased brother, Sir John Drummond and (probably) Mary, heir of William Montefichet, lord of Auchterarder. David II reinforced the position of John and Annabella by providing them with the earldom of Carrick on 22 June 1368 and the tacit approval of John as the king's probable heir. A Stewart succession was suddenly endangered when David II had his marriage to Margaret annulled in March 1369 leaving the king free to re-marry and with the prospect of a Bruce heir. On 22 February 1371 David II (who was preparing to marry the earl of March's sister, Agnes Dunbar) unexpectedly died, presumably to the relief of both John and his father. Robert was crowned at Scone Abbey on 27 March 1371 and before this date had given John-now styled Steward of Scotland-the ancestral lands surrounding the Firth of Clyde. The manner in which the succession was to take place was first entailed by Robert I when female heirs were excluded and David II attempted unsuccessfully on several occasions to have the council change the succession procedure. Robert II quickly moved to ensure the succession of John when the general council attending his coronation officially named Carrick as heir-in 1373 the Stewart succession was further strengthened when parliament passed entails defining the manner in which each of the king's sons could inherit the crown. After the coronation John Dunbar who had received the lordship of Fife from David II now resigned the title so that the king's second son, Robert, earl of Monteith could receive the earldom of Fife-Dunbar was compensated with the provision of the earldom of Moray. A son, David, the future Duke of Rothesay, was born to Carrick and Annabella on 24 October 1378. In 1381, Carrick was calling himself 'lieutenant for the marches' sustained by his connections to border magnates such as his brother-in-law, James Douglas son of William, Earl of Douglas who he succeeded in 1384. Lieutenant of the kingdom: Robert II's policy of building up Stewart domination in Scotland through the advancement of his sons saw Carrick as the pre-eminent Stewart magnate south of the Forth-Clyde line just as his younger brother Alexander, earl of Buchan, lord of Badenoch and Ross was in the north. Buchan's use of cateran supporters drew criticism from Northern nobles and prelates and demonstrated Robert II's inability or reluctance to control his son and resulted in him losing council support. The king's failure to take a leading role in prosecuting the war with England and Buchan's abuse of royal power in the north was the backdrop to the general council meeting at Holyrood Abbey in November 1384 where the decision was taken to sideline the king and provide the ruling powers to Carrick. In July 1385, under Carrick's lieutenancy, a Scottish army that included a French force commanded by Admiral Jean de Vienne penetrated into the north of England without any serious gains but provoked a damaging retaliatory attack by Richard II. In 1385, the general council sharply condemned Buchan's behaviour and sat with the intention of maneuvering Carrick into firmly intervening in the north. Despite this, Carrick did not bring Buchan under control and many of the lieutenant's supporters although pleased at the resumption of hostilities with England were unhappy at the continued northern lawlessness. Carrick had been made the king's lieutenant partly on the need to curb Buchan's excesses yet despite this by February 1387 Buchan had become even more powerful and influential when he was appointed Justiciar north of the Forth. A series of truces halted any further significant fighting but on 19 April 1388, English envoys sent to Scotland to again extend the ceasefire returned to Richard's court empty-handed-by 29 April Robert II was conducting a council in Edinburgh to authorise renewed conflict with England. Although the Scots army defeated the English at the Battle of Otterburn in Northumberland in August 1388, its leader James, earl of Douglas was killed. Douglas died childless triggering a series of claims on his estate-Carrick backed his brother-in-law Malcolm Drummond, the husband of Douglas's sister while Carrick's brother Fife took the side of Sir Archibald Douglas, lord of Galloway who held an entail on his kinsman's estates and who ultimately succeeded to the earldom. Fife, with his powerful Douglas ally together with those loyal to the king ensured at the December 1388 council meeting that the lieutenancy of Scotland would pass from Carrick (who had recently been badly injured from a horse-kick) to Fife. There was general approval of Fife's intention to properly resolve the situation of lawlessness in the north and in particular the activities of Buchan his younger brother. Buchan was stripped of his position of justiciar which would soon be given to Fife's son, Murdoch Stewart. In January 1390 Robert II was in the north-east perhaps to strengthen the now changed political outlook in the north of the kingdom. He returned to Dundonald Castle in Ayrshire in March where he died on 19 April and was buried at Scone on 25 April. Kingship: In May 1390 parliament granted John permission to change his regnal name to Robert, probably in part to maintain the link back to Robert I but also to disassociate himself from King John Balliol. The four month delay in the crowning of Robert III can be seen as a period when Fife and his affinity sought to ensure their future positions and which also saw Buchan's opportunistic attack on Elgin Cathedral, settling an old score with the bishop of Moray and possibly also a protest at Fife's reappointment as the king's lieutenant. In 1392, Robert III strengthened the position of his son David, now earl of Carrick, when he endowed him with a large annuity that allowed the young prince to build up his household and affinity and then in 1393 regained his right to direct rule when the general council decided that Fife's lieutenancy should end and that Carrick now of age should assist his father. This independence of action was demonstrated in 1395-6 when he responded to Carrick's unauthorised marriage to Elizabeth Dunbar, daughter of George earl of March by ensuring its annulment. The king appears to have also taken over the conduct of foreign affairs, preserving the peace with Richard II and managing to increase the power of the Red Douglas Earl of Angus in the southeast of the country as a counter-balance to Fife's Black Douglas ally. He further showed his authority when in an attempt to reduce inter-clan feuding and lawlessness, he arranged and oversaw a gladiatorial limited combat between the clans of Kay and Quhele (Clan Chattan) in Perth on 28 April 1396. David of Carrick progressively acted independently of his father taking control of the Stewart lands in the south-west while maintaining his links with the Drummonds of his mother and all at a time when Fife's influence in central Scotland remained strong. The king was increasingly blamed for the failure to pacify the Gaelic areas in west and north. The general council held in Perth in April 1398 criticised the king's governance and empowered his brother Robert and his son David-now respectively the Dukes of Albany and Rothesay-to lead an army against Donald, Lord of the Isles and his brothers. In November 1398, an influential group of magnates and prelates met at Falkland Castle that included Albany, Rothesay, Archibald, earl of Douglas, Albany's son Murdoch, justiciar North of the Forth along with the bishops Walter of St Andrews and Gilbert of Aberdeen-the outcome of this meeting manifested itself at the council meeting held in January 1399 when the king was forced to surrender power to Rothesay for a period of three years. The kin of the border earls took advantage of the confusion in England after the deposition of Richard II by Henry duke of Lancaster and harried and forayed into England causing much damage and taking Wark Castle around 13 October 1399. A far reaching dispute between Rothesay and George Dunbar, earl of March occurred when Rothesay, rather than remarrying Elizabeth Dunbar as previously agreed, decided to marry Mary Douglas, daughter of the earl of Douglas-March, enraged by this wrote to Henry IV on 18 February 1400 and by July had entered Henry's service. In 1401, Rothesay took on a more assertive and autonomous attitude, circumventing proper procedures, unjustifiably appropriating sums from the customs of the burghs on the east coast before provoking further animosity when he confiscated the revenues of the temporalities of the vacant bishopric of St Andrews. Rothesay had also in conjunction with his uncle, Alexander Stewart, earl of Buchan, confronted Albany's influence in central Scotland-as soon his lieutenancy expired in 1402 Rothesay was arrested and imprisoned in Albany's Falkland Castle where he died in March 1402. Rothesay's death probably lay with Albany and Douglas who would have looked upon the possibility of the young prince acceding to the throne with great apprehension-they certainly fell under suspicion but were cleared of all blame by a general council, 'where, by divine providence and not otherwise, it is discerned that he departed from this life. Following Rothesay's death-with the restoration of the lieutenancy to Albany and the Scottish defeat at the battle of Humbleton-Robert III experienced almost total exclusion from political authority and was limited to his lands in the west. By late 1404 Robert, with the aid of his close councillors Henry Sinclair, earl of Orkney, Sir David Fleming and Henry Wardlaw, had succeeded in re-establishing himself and intervened in favour of Alexander Stewart, the earl of Buchan's illegitimate son, who was in dispute with Albany over the earldom of Mar. Robert III again exhibited his new resolve when in December 1404 he created a new regality in the Stewartry for his sole remaining son and heir James now earl of Carrick-an act designed to prevent these lands falling into Albany's hands. By 28 October 1405 Robert III had returned to Dundonald Castle in Ayrshire. With the king's health failing, it was decided in the winter of 1405-6 to send the young prince to France out of the reach of Albany. Despite this, the manner of James's flight from Scotland was unplanned. In February 1406, the 12 year-old James together with Orkney and Fleming at the head of a large group of followers left the safety of Bishop Wardlaw's protection in St Andrews and journeyed through the hostile Douglas territories of east Lothian-an act probably designed to demonstrate James's royal endorsement of his custodians but also a move by his custodians to further their own interests in the traditional Douglas heartlands. Events went seriously wrong for James and he had to escape to the Bass Rock in the Firth of Forth along with the earl of Orkney after his escorts were attacked by James Douglas of Balvenie and which resulted in Sir David Fleming's death. Their confinement on the rock was to last for over a month before a ship from Danzig, en route for France picked them up. On 22 March 1406 the ship was taken by English pirates off Flamborough Head who delivered James to King Henry IV of England. Robert III had moved to Rothesay castle where, after hearing of his son's captivity, died 4 April 1406 and was buried in the Stewart foundation abbey of Paisley. Family and issue: Robert III married Anabella Drummond, the daughter of Sir John Drummond of Stobhall and Mary de Montefichet. The marriage resulted in seven children: David Stewart (b. 24 Oct 1378- d. 26 Mar 140) who was betrothed to Elizabeth Dunbar but later married Marjory Douglas, the daughter of Archibald Douglas, 3rd Earl of Douglas and Jean Moray (or Joanna Moravia) of Strathearn. Robert Stewart (died young) James I of Scotland (b. Dec 1394 - d. 21 Feb 1437) Margaret Stewart (died between 1450 and 1456), married Archibald Douglas, 4th Earl of Douglas, the son of Archibald Douglas, 3rd Earl of Douglas and Jean Moray of Strathearn. Mary Stewart. 1) Married George Douglas, 1st Earl of Angus. 2) Bethrothed to Sir William Cunningham 3) Married to Sir William Graham of Kincardine. 4) Married Sir William Edmonton of Duntreath. Elizabeth Stewart, married James Douglas, 1st Lord Dalkeith, son of Sir James Douglas and Agnes Dunbar Egidia Stewart (died young). Robert III also had at least two illegitimate children: James Stuart of Killbride. John Stewart of Ardgowan and Blackhall, who was an ancestor to the Shaw-Stewart Baronets.	Scotland, King of Scots Robert III of (I37165)
8357	Robert IV de Brus, the Noble (ca. 1195 - 1226-1233) was a 13th century 4th Lord of Annandale. He was the son of William de Brus, 3rd Lord of Annandale and Christina or Beatrice de Teyden. Robert IV married ca. 1219 Isabella, the second daughter of David of Scotland, 8th Earl of Huntingdon, by which marriage he acquired the manors of Writtle and Hatfield Broadoak, Essex in England. They had his heir and successor, and a daughter: Robert V de Brus. Beatrice de Brus, married Hugh de Neville. He died sometime between 1226 and 1233, and was buried in Gisborough Priory or in Saltre Abbey, near Stilton, Gloucestershire. From:(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Bruce,_4th_Lord_of_Annandale)	De Brus, 4th Lord of Annandale Robert (I2212)
8358	Robert IV the Strong (also known as Rutpert) (820-July 2, 866[1]), was Margrave in Neustria. His family is named after him and called Robertians. He was first nominated by Charles the Bald missus dominicus in 853. Robert was the father of the kings Odo and Robert I of France. Robert was the great-grandfather of Hugh Capet and thus the ancestor of all the Capetians. His father was Robert of Worms. Origins and rise to power: While very little is known about the beginnings of the Robertian family, historians have been able to adduce that the family of nobles had its origins in Hesbaye or perhaps from the family of Chrodegang of Metz. During the reign of Louis the German, the Robertian family moved from East Francia to West Francia. After his arrival in West Francia, Charles the Bald showed his favour of the family defecting from his enemy Louis by assigning Robert to the lay abbacy of Marmoutier in 852. In 853 the position of missus dominicus in the provinces of Maine, Anjou, and Touraine was given him and he had de facto control of the ancient ducatus Cenomannicus, a vast duchy centred on Le Mans and corresponding to the regnum Neustriae. Robert's rise came at the expense of the established family of the Rorigonids and was designed to curb their regional power and to defend Neustria from Viking and Breton raids. Revolt: Despite the fact that he was a favoured noble of Charles, Robert joined a rebellion against the king in 858. He led the Frankish nobles of Neustria with the Bretons under Salomon in inviting Louis the German to invade West Francia and receive their homage. The revolt had been sparked by the marriage alliance between Charles and Erispoe, Duke of Brittany, and by the investment of Louis the Stammerer with the regnum Neustriae (856). These actions significantly curtailed the influence both of Salomon and Robert. Charles compensated Robert for the losses suffered in this civil war by giving him the counties of Autun and Nevers in Burgundy, which greatly enlarged his landholdings. In 856 he had to defend Autun from Louis the German following the death of Lothair I. But following Erispoe's assassination in November 857, both he and Salomon rebelled. Louis the German reached Orléans in September 858 and received delegations from the Breton and Neustrian leaders, as well as from Pepin II. The Neustrian rebels had chased Louis the Stammerer from Le Mans, his capital, earlier that year. In 861, Charles made peace with Robert and appointed him Count of Anjou, even though he had been involved in the revolt. War with Bretons and Vikings: While count of Anjou, Robert was able to successfully defend the northern coast against the threat of a Viking invasion. In 862 Charles granted Louis the Stammerer, his son, the lay abbacy of Saint Martin of Tours, a small benefice in comparison with the kingdom he had received in 856 (and lost in 858). The young Louis rebelled and was quickly joined by Salomon, who supplied him with troops for a war against Robert. In 862 two groups of Vikings-one the larger of two fleets recently forced out of the Seine by Charles the Bald, the other a fleet returning from a Mediterranean expedition-converged on Brittany, where one (the Mediterranean) was hired by the Breton duke Salomon to ravage the Loire valley. Robert captured twelve of their ships, killing all on board save a few who fled. He then opened negotiations with the former Seine Vikings, and hired them against Salomon for 6,000 pounds of silver. The purpose of this was doubtless to prevent them from entering the service of Salomon. Probably Robert had to collect a large amount in taxes to finance what was effectively a non-tributary Danegeld designed to keep the Vikings out of Neustria. The treaty between the Franks and the Vikings did not last more than a year: in 863 Salomon made peace and the Vikings, deprived of an enemy, ravaged Neustria. Robert made war on Pepin II in his later years. In 863 he had to defend Autun again from Louis the German, this time after the death of Charles of Provence. Robert was in Neustria during 865 and 866, with Bretons and Vikings ravaging the environs of Le Mans. Death and legacy: In 866, Robert was killed at the Battle of Brissarthe while, unsurprisingly, defending Francia against a joint Breton-Viking raiding party, led by Salomon, Duke of Brittany, and the Viking chieftain Hastein. During the battle, Robert had entrapped the Viking commander in a nearby church. Thinking he was not endangered, Robert took off his armour and began to besiege the church. Once Robert was unarmoured, the trapped Vikings launched a surprise attack and killed him before he had time to re-arm. His success against the Vikings led to his heroic characterisation as "a second Maccabaeus" in the Annales Fuldenses. The name of Robert's wife is not attested in primary sources. According to some modern scholars she was Adelaide or Adalais, a daughter of Hugh of Tours (and thus an Etichonid) and the widow of Conrad I of Auxerre (died 862), a Welf. Since Robert already had children by 862, Adelaide would have to have been his second wife. French genealogist Christian Settipani has identified the source of this identification as the unreliable twelfth-century Chronicle of Saint-Bénigne de Dijon, which was interpolated into the chronicle of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines. The Europäische Stammtafeln has identified Robert's first wife as a certain Agane. Whatever the facts, two of Robert's sons became kings of France: Odo and Robert. Sources: Smith, Julia M. H. Province and Empire: Brittany and the Carolingians. Cambridge University Press: 1992. ISBN 0-521-38285-8 Hummer, Hans J. Politics and Power in Early Medieval Europe: Alsace and the Frankish Realm 600 - 1000. Cambridge University Press: 2005. ISBN 0-521-85441-2 Bradbury, Jim. The Capetians, Kings of France 987-1328. Hambledon Continuum: 2007. ISBN 978-1-85285-528-4	Robert, Margrave in Neustria IV (I15821)
8359	Robert L Murray died of polio at the age of 13.	Murray, Robert L (I10227)
8360	Robert Lee Thompson served in the US Navy from 1966 to 1970 as a Hospital Corpsman. He went to the Navel Training Center in San Diego for Basic Training and Attended the Hospital Corp School in San Diego in 1967. Robert was assigned to the USMC 3rd Marine Division after graduation. He Served in Quang Tri, South Vietnam in 1968 with Alpha Company, 3rd Recon Bn. Was awarded two purple heart medals during his combat tour with a Marine Recon Team, code name Deer Fern. Was stationed at the Marine Corp Base at Camp Pendelton, CA during the remainder of his enlistment.	Thompson, Robert Lee (I14066)
8361	Robert Neil Lambert of Kanawha City passed away Thursday, April 26, at CAMC Memorial Hospital. He was born May 21, 1926, and raised in Diamond. He and his wife, Jean, owned and operated the first bed and breakfast in Charleston, The Historic Charleston Bed and Breakfast, for 11 years. Robert graduated from DuPont High School, and attended West Virginia State University. He was employed at Union Carbide for 28 years in the instrument department, and at Foxboro Co. as an industrial computer analyst for 17 years. He had his ham radio license, and he was a TV technician in the 50s and 60s. He was a member of Kanawha City Baptist Church. Robert was predeceased by his parents, Ben and Nora Lambert; sisters, Mildred "Mae" White and Vivian "Sis" Gwinn; brothers, Jesse "Hay" Lambert, Ben "Jr." Lambert, Charles "C.W." Lambert and Keith Lambert; sister-in-law, Eva Clendenin; brothers-in-law, Paul Clendenin and Walter M. "Sonny" Ashley; and niece, Jo Clendenin Cosgrove. He is survived by his wife of 65 years, Jean Ashley Lambert; daughter and husband, Sherry Lee and Gary Sutton of Charleston; grandson and wife, D.J. and Kristi Sutton of Charleston; great-grandson, Aiden, to be born in May; sisters-in-law, Violet Lambert of Amhurst, Va, Betty Lambert of Surfside Beach, S.C, and Martha Lambert of Chesapeake, Va.; and several nieces and nephews. Visitation will be from 2:30 to 4 p.m. Sunday, April 29, at Kanawha City Baptist Church, 4500 Venable Ave, with funeral service to follow. The Rev. Don Toler and the Rev. Charles Bolen will be officiating. Burial will be private. Fidler and Frame Funeral Home, Belle is in charge of arrangements.	Lambert, Robert Neil (I8527)
8362	Robert the Magnificent (French: le Magnifique) (22 June 1000 - 3 July 1035), also called Robert the Devil (French: le Diable), was the Duke of Normandy from 1027 until his death. Owing to uncertainty over the numbering of the Dukes of Normandy he is usually called Robert I, but sometimes Robert II with his ancestor Rollo as Robert I. He was the son of Richard II of Normandy and Judith, daughter of Conan I of Rennes. He was the father of William the Conqueror. When his father died, his elder brother Richard succeeded, whilst he became Count of Hiémois. When Richard died a year later, there were great suspicions that Robert had Richard murdered, hence his other nickname, "the Devil". He is sometimes identified with the legendary Robert the Devil. Robert aided King Henry I of France against Henry's rebellious brother and mother, and for his help he was given the territory of the Vexin (1032). He also intervened in the affairs of Flanders, supported his cousin Edward the Confessor, who was then in exile at Robert's court, and sponsored monastic reform in Normandy. By his mistress, Herleva of Falaise, he was father of the future William I of England (1028-1087). He also had an illegitimate daughter, but the only chronicler to explicitly address the issue, Robert of Torigny, contradicts himself, once indicating that she had a distinct mother from William, elsewhere stating that they shared the same mother. This daughter, Adelaide of Normandy (1030 - c. 1083), married three times: to Enguerrand II, Count of Ponthieu, Lambert II, Count of Lens, and Odo II of Champagne. After making his illegitimate son William his heir, he set out on pilgrimage to Jerusalem. According to the Gesta Normannorum Ducum he travelled by way of Constantinople, reached Jerusalem, and died on the return journey at Nicaea on 2 July 1035. Some sources attribute his death to poison and date it to 1 or 3 July. His son William, aged about eight, succeeded him. According to the historian William of Malmesbury, William sent a mission to Constantinople and Nicaea, charging it with bringing his father's body back to be buried in Normandy. Permission was granted, but, having travelled as far as Apulia (Italy) on the return journey, the envoys learned that William himself had meanwhile died. They then decided to re-inter Robert's body in Italy.	Normandy, Duke of Normandy Robert I of (I37277)
8363	Robert V de Brus (Robert de Brus), 5th Lord of Annandale (ca. 1210 - 31 March or 3 May 1295), was a feudal lord, Justice and Constable of Scotland and England, a Regent of Scotland, and a leading competitor for the Scottish throne in 1290/92 in the Great Cause. His grandson Robert the Bruce eventually became King of Scots. Early life: Robert was son of Robert Bruce, 4th Lord of Annandale and Isobel of Huntingdon, the second daughter of David of Scotland, 8th Earl of Huntingdon and Matilda de Kevilloc of Chester. David in turn was the son of Henry of Scotland, Earl of Huntingdon and Northumberland and Ada de Warenne; Henry's parents were King David I of Scotland and Maud of Northumberland. In addition to Annandale, Robert was Lord of Hartlepool (otherwise known as Hartness) in county Durham and Writtle and Hatfield Broadoak in Essex, England. His first wife brought to him the village of Ripe, in Sussex, and his second wife the Lordship of Ireby in Cumberland. His possessions were later increased following the defeat of Simon de Montfort at the Battle of Evesham (1265), via a series of grants that included the estates of the former rebel barons Walter de Fauconberg and John de Melsa. Henry III also re-appointed Robert a Justice, and Constable of Carlisle Castle and keeper of the Castle there in 1267, a position he had been dismissed from in 1255, for his support during the rebellion. Robert probably joined the princes Edward and Edmund on their 1270/74 crusade, as his sons failed to attend. In 1271, Robert obtained the hand of Marjorie of Carrick, the young widowed heiress of Niall of Carrick, 2nd Earl of Carrick for his son, also called Robert de Brus. Robert Bruce was Regent of Scotland some time during minority of his second cousin King Alexander III of Scotland (1241-1286) and was occasionally recognised as a Tanist of the Scottish throne. He was the closest surviving male relative to the king: Margaret of Huntingdon's issue were all females up until birth of Hugh Balliol sometime in the 1260s. When Alexander yet was childless, he was officially named as heir-presumptive, but never gained the throne as Alexander managed to beget three children. The succession in the main line of the House of Dunkeld became highly precarious when towards the end of Alexander's reign, all three of his children died within a few years. The middle-aged Alexander III induced in 1284 the Estates to recognise as his heir-presumptive his granddaughter Margaret, called the "Maid of Norway", his only surviving descendant. The need for a male heir led Alexander to contract a second marriage to Yolande de Dreux on 1 November 1285. All this was eventually in vain. Alexander died suddenly, in a fall from his horse, when only 45 years old, in 1286. His death ushered in a time of political upheaval for Scotland. His three-year old granddaughter Margaret, who lived in Norway, was recognised as his successor. However, the then 7-year old heiress Margaret died, travelling towards her kingdom, on the Orkney Islands around 26 September 1290. With her death, the main royal line came to an end and thirteen claimants asserted their rights to the Scottish Throne. The Great Cause: After this extinction of the senior line of the Scottish royal house (the line of William I of Scotland) David of Huntingdon's descendants were the primary candidates for the throne. The two most notable claimants to the throne, John Balliol and Robert himself represented descent through David's daughters Margaret and Isobel respectively. Robert Bruce pleaded tanistry and proximity of blood in the succession dispute. He descended from the second daughter of David of Huntingdon, whereas John Balliol descended from the eldest, and thus had the lineal right. However, Robert was a second cousin of kings of Scotland and descended in 4th generation from King David I of Scotland, whereas John Balliol was a third cousin of kings and descended in 5th generation from King David I, the most recent common ancestor who had been Scottish king. The ensuing 'Great Cause' was concluded in 1292. It gave the Crown of Scotland to his family's great rival, John Balliol. The events took place as follows: Soon after the death of young queen Margaret, Robert Bruce raised a body of men with the help of the Earls of Mar and Atholl and marched to Perth with a considerable following and uncertain intentions. Bishop Fraser of St. Andrews, worried of the possibility of civil war, wrote to Edward, asking for his assistance in choosing a new monarch. Edward took this chance to demand sasine of the Scottish royal estate, but agreed to pass judgment in return for recognition of his suzerainty. The guardians of Scotland denied him this, but Robert Bruce was quick to pay homage. All the claimants swore oaths of homage, and John Balliol was the last to do so. The guardians were forced to concede and were thus reinstated by Edward. Judgment processed slowly. On 3 August 1291 Edward asked both Balliol and Bruce to choose forty auditors while he himself chose twenty-four, to decide the case. After considering all of the arguments, in early November the court decided in favour of John Balliol, having the superior claim in feudal law, not to mention greater support from the kingdom of Scotland. In accordance with this, final judgement was given by Edward on 17 November. On 30 November, John Balliol was crowned as King of Scots at Scone Abbey. On 26 December, at Newcastle upon Tyne, King John swore homage to Edward I for the kingdom of Scotland. Edward soon made it clear that he regarded the country as his vassal state. The Bruce family thus lost what they regarded as their rightful place on the Scottish throne. Later years: Robert, 5th Lord of Annandale resigned the lordship of Annandale and his claim to the throne to his eldest son Robert de Brus. Shortly afterwards, in 1292, the younger Robert's wife Marjorie of Carrick died and the earldom of Carrick, which Robert had ruled jure uxoris, devolved upon their eldest son, also called Robert, the future King. In 1292, Robert V de Brus held a market at Ireby, Cumberland, in right of his wife. The following year he had a market at Hartlepool, county Durham within the liberties of the Bishop of Durham. Sir Robert de Brus died at Lochmaben Castle and was buried at Guisborough or Gisburn Priory in Cleveland. Family and children: He married firstly on 12 May 1240 Lady Isabella de Clare (2 November 1226 - after 10 July 1264), daughter of Gilbert de Clare, 4th Earl of Hertford and 5th Earl of Gloucester and Lady Isabel Marshal, with issue: Isabel de Brus (1249 - c. 1284), married (as his first wife) Sir John FitzMarmaduke, Knt., of Horden, Eighton, Lamesley, Ravensholm, and Silksworth, County Durham, Sheriff of North Durham, and Joint Warden[disambiguation needed] beyond the Scottish Sea between the Firth of Forth and Orkney. He fought on the English side at the Battle of Falkirk, 22 July 1298, and was present at the Siege of Caerlaverock Castle in 1300. In 1307 he was commanded to assist the Earl of Richmond in expelling Robert de Brus and the Scottish rebels from Galloway. In 1309 his armour and provisions in a vessel bound for Perth were arrested off Great Yarmouth. He was governor of St. John's Town (Perth) in 1310 until his death. Isabel was buried at Easington, County Durham. Robert VI the Bruce, 6th Lord of Annandale, Earl of Carrick (1253-1304) William de Brus, married Elizabeth de Sully, without issue Sir Bernard de Bruce, of Connington, married firstly Alicia de Clare and married secondly Constance de Morleyn. Richard de Brus (died ca. 26 January 1287), unmarried and without issue Constance de Brus (born 1251, date of death unknown), married Sir William Scot de Calverley and had daughter, Clarissa Scott (m. Sir John Fairfax) He married, secondly on 3 May 1275 at Hoddam, in the Diocese of Glasgow, Christina (died ca. 1305 or 1305), daughter and heiress of Sir William de Ireby, of Ireby, Cumberland. They had no issue. From:(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_de_Brus,_5th_Lord_of_Annandale)	De Brus, 5th Lord Of Annandale Robert V (I2337)
8364	Robertsville Cemetery	Blackledge, Johnson (I1774)
8365	Robertsville Cemetery	Pinick, Mary A (I11054)
8366	Robertsville Cemetery	Blackledge, Sarah Jane (I47505)
8367	Robertsville Cemetery	Wolf, Marcellus C (I47507)
8368	Robertsville Cemetery	Wolf, Mary Christine (I47508)
8369	Robertsville Cemetery	Monahan, Homer Daniel (I47509)
8370	Robertsville Cemetery	Monahan, Alice Christina (I47511)
8371	Robeson Lutheran Church Cemetery	Bixler, Stella (I45318)
8372	Robeson Lutheran Church Cemetery	Schlouch, Clayton L (I45319)
8373	Robeson Lutheran Church Cemetery	Schlouch, Augustus S (I45320)
8374	Robeson Lutheran Church Cemetery	Graff, Barbara (I45321)
8375	Robeson Lutheran Church Cemetery	Schlouch, Earl Daniel (I45322)
8376	Robinette Cemetery	Robinette, Daniel (I45163)
8377	Robins Chapel Cemetery	Brady, Lloyd Alvin (I35303)
8378	Robinson, Jack D. Jack D. Robinson, age 79, of Plainview, AR. died Monday, March 1, 1999 at his son's home in Dardanelle, AR. He was born September 5, 1919 in the Rose Creek Community, Perry County, Arkansas to the late Hues and Minnie Robinson. He retired as a road construction supervisor for the Ben Hogan Construction Company and was a member of the Baptist Church. He was preceded in death by his wife, Nina Robinson. Survivors include three sons and daughters-in-law, Max and Sharon Robinson of Russellville, AR. Dickie and Joyce Robinson of Dardanelle, AR. and Robert L. and Diane Adams of Edwardsville, IL; three daughters and sons-in-law Mary and Gary Tourville of Caseyville, IL, Lavonne and Delanor Rook and Phyllis and Ronald Wells all of Dardanelle, AR;, three brothers, Odel Robinson of Adona, AR. Don Robinson of Vilonia and John Roy Robinson of England, AR; four sisters, Alice Crown of Dardanelle, AR. Eunice McGlothin and Frankie Joe Moody both of England and Marie Kelley of Louisiana; 27 grandchildren; several great-grandchildren and several great-great-grandchildren. Service was Tuesday at the Cornwell Chapel in Dardanelle, AR. with Rev. Geno Johnson officiating. Interment was in Salem Cemetery, Plainview, AR. by Cornwell Funeral Home of Dardanelle, AR. Pallbearers were Blake Robinson, Ryan Wells, Tommy Manns, Nickey Robinson, Kenny Brixy and Lester Robison; Honorary Delanor Rook, Ruben Frost, Terry Newcomb and D. L. Pruitt. (WWW.YellCountyObits.org, Yell County Record, Danville, Arkansas: Obituary was published on Wednesday, March 3, 1999	Robinson, Denver Jack (I12030)
8379	Rochester Cemetery	Cooper, William J (I41363)
8380	Rochester Cemetery	George, Henry H (I54286)
8381	Rochester IOOF Cemetery	Shepherd, Vada (I55381)
8382	Rock Castle Cemetery	See, "Leah" Elizabeth (I43163)
8383	Rock Church Cemetery	Welborn, Caroline Murphy (I51348)
8384	Rock Church Cemetery	Jenkins, Wylie Harvey (I51349)
8385	Rock Church Cemetery	Jenkins, Theophilus (I51350)
8386	Rock Church Cemetery	Tucker, Ela Gertrude (I51351)
8387	Rock Creek Cemetery	Miller, Mary Elizabeth (I57252)
8388	Rock Creek Cemetery	Martin, James T (I57257)
8389	Rock Creek Cemetery	Martin, William R (I57258)
8390	Rock Spring Cemetery	Pringle, Mary Demma (I46094)
8391	Rock Spring Cemetery	Dean, Arley C Sr (I46095)
8392	Rockport Memorial Gardens	Stephenson, Dale Leslie (I46753)
8393	Rockwell Cemetery	Meador, Jonathan Grant (I53800)
8394	Rocky Branch Cemetery	Gandee, James Addison (I46205)
8395	Rocky Branch Cemetery	Jones, Birdie V (I46206)
8396	Rocky Branch Cemetery	Gandee, Homer Oral (I46212)
8397	Rocky Branch Cemetery	(Unknown), Effie M (I46213)
8398	Rocky Creek Baptist Church Cemetery	Cole, James Edsel Sr (I36034)
8399	Rocky Mound Cemetery	Cliburn, Mildred E (I53547)
8400	Rocky Mound Cemetery	Meador, Velmy Lois (I53780)